When temperatures drop in January, frozen pipes become one of the most common and costly winter insurance claims. Homes, storefronts, offices, and warehouses across Ohio and Pennsylvania are especially vulnerable during deep freezes — and when a pipe bursts, it can release hundreds of gallons of water in minutes, causing significant property damage.
Here’s what you need to know about why pipes freeze, how to prevent it, and what your insurance may cover if damage occurs.
Why Pipes Freeze (and Burst)
Pipes freeze when water inside them hits 32°F or below, causing it to expand. That expansion increases pressure inside the pipe until it cracks. When the ice melts, water flows out through the damaged area — often unnoticed until it’s too late.
Pipes are most at risk when they are:
- Located along exterior walls
- In unheated basements or crawl spaces
- Inside garages or attics
- Exposed to drafts from gaps or openings
Commercial buildings also face risk in sprinkler lines, warehouse plumbing, and areas with minimal insulation.
Prevention Tips for Homes & Businesses
Keeping pipes from freezing comes down to temperature control, insulation, and consistent water movement. Here are practical steps for both residential and commercial properties:
1. Keep Indoor Temperatures Consistent
- Maintain indoor heat at at least 55°F, even overnight or when buildings are vacant.
- For businesses that close on weekends or holidays, avoid turning heating systems off.
2. Insulate Vulnerable Pipes
Use pipe insulation sleeves or heat tape in:
- Basements and crawl spaces
- Exterior wall runs
- Garages and utility rooms
- Warehouse sections and mechanical rooms
Commercial-grade heat tracing systems are recommended for industrial or larger commercial properties.
3. Seal Drafts & Air Leaks
Cold air entering through:
- Foundation cracks
- Gaps around vents or pipes
- Loose window or door frames
…can drop temperatures quickly. Sealing these areas reduces pipe exposure to extreme cold.
4. Let Faucets Drip During Extreme Cold
Running water doesn’t freeze as easily. When temperatures plunge:
- Allow a slow drip from faucets served by exposed pipes
- Open cabinet doors to let warm air reach pipes (for homes)
5. Maintain Heating Systems
For businesses and homeowners alike:
- Check furnaces/boilers annually
- Test thermostats
- Ensure fuel sources are adequate (oil/propane)
A failed heating system during a cold snap is one of the fastest paths to frozen pipes.
6. Disconnect Outdoor Hoses
Standing water in hose lines and exterior spigots can freeze and back up into interior systems. Use frost-proof spigots when possible.
What to Do if a Pipe Freezes
Signs include little to no water flow or frost visible on pipes. If you suspect a freeze:
- Turn off the main water supply
- Open faucets to relieve pressure
- Warm the pipe gradually using:
- Hair dryer
- Heating pad
- Space heater (with supervision)
Never use open flames or blowtorches — it’s a major fire hazard.
If a pipe is actively leaking or has burst, call a plumber and start drying procedures immediately to prevent mold and further damage.
How Insurance Responds to Frozen Pipe Damage
Most homeowners and commercial property policies cover water damage from burst pipes as long as reasonable precautions were taken to prevent freezing. Coverage typically applies to:
- Damaged walls, flooring, and ceilings
- Built-in fixtures
- Drying and remediation services
However, it’s important to note:
- The cost to repair or replace the pipe itself is often not covered
- Claims may be denied if heating systems were intentionally shut off or buildings were left unoccupied without proper winterization
Frozen pipes are preventable with preparation, awareness, and a little cold-weather strategy. Taking steps now can help protect your home or business from costly water damage this winter. Stay warm, stay safe, and protect your property this winter.
